There is nothing more warm or comforting than a wonderful bowl of hot soup on a cold winter day. Remember that steaming bowl of chicken soup with tasty noodles your mom used to make? After a long day battling the
cold winter elements, that soup just seemed to warm you up from the inside out. Nothing speaks more of homey comforts than a bowl of hot soup.
But when you talk about soups today, they have come a long way from the old traditional chicken soup standby. Not only are there light chicken noodle soups, but there are hearty beefy soups, vegetable soups, creamed soups, heart-healthy soups, seafood soups, luxurious soups with exotic ingredients, cold soups—you name it. And each one seems to be better tasting than the next.
Soups can come under various categories as well. There are bisques, potage, broths, stocks, bouillon, consommés, fumet, Scotch broth, chowders, Vichyssoise, borsht, gazpacho, and even dessert soups. Let’s just define what a few of these soups really are.
A bisque soup is a rich, thick creamy soup that has been pureed to an even texture. In the traditional bisque recipe, bisque typically includes seafood, wine or cognac and cream, along with spices. The seafood is pureed to make the soup smoother. In recent times, the seafood is often replaced with poultry or vegetables. Potage is also a pureed soup often thickened with cream or egg yolks. As the names suggest, both bisque and potage soups have their origins in France.
Broth, bouillon and stocks are relatively the same thing with different names. They are made from meat, vegetables or fish and spices combined with water. The ingredients are strained out and only the clear liquid remains. These are often used as a base for other soups or can be eaten on their own. Consommé, which is related to this group of soups, is really clarified meat broth. Fumet, also related to this group, is a concentrated stock, typically made from fish or mushrooms, used to add flavor to less intensely flavored stocks or sauces. Scotch broth is a Scottish soup made with lamb or mutton, barley and various vegetables.
A chowder is a thick soup made with milk, bacon, onions and potatoes. There are various types of chowders, the most famous being clam chowder. There are also seafood chowders or corn chowders. Chowders are really a chunky soup almost like a stew in a rich creamy broth thickened with potatoes.
Vichyssoise is a cold soup traditionally containing potato and leek and garnished with chives. It has a rich, creamy texture. Borscht is also a soup that is served cold (but it is also sometimes served hot). It is a Russian or Polish soup made from fresh beets and assorted vegetables, made with meat or meat stock and generally garnished with a dollop of sour cream on top.
Another soup in the cold soup category is gazpacho (sometimes spelled ‘gaspacho’). This is an uncooked soup made of a pureed mixture of vegetables. The vegetables typically include fresh tomatoes, sweet bell peppers, onions, celery, cucumber, breadcrumbs, garlic, olive oil, vinegar and sometimes lemon juice. The soup is typically served smooth, but can be served in a chunky style as well.
Dessert soups are generally made with pureed fruit and served cold. Any fruit in season can be made into a dessert soup. The fruit is pureed and fruit juice or lemon juice is added for smoothness.
It seems that each country in the world is famous for its own soup type. As mentioned before, the French are known for a couple of different soups, as are the Russians and Polish with their Borscht and the Scottish people for their Scotch broth. The Chinese are known for their Bird’s Nest Soup which is actually made from the white or black nests of a small Asian bird. The Chinese are also famous for their wonton soup. Mexico has its menudo soup, which is a hearty, spicy soup made with tripe, calf’s feet, chili peppers, hominy and seasonings (and reputed to be great as a hangover cure). The Italians have their famous Italian Wedding Soup and the well-known Minestrone.
Soups are typically eaten at the beginning of a meal, or as a main course. The first course soups are generally of the clear soup varieties or the creamed versions. Main course soups are usually the heartier soups containing chunky ingredients of meat, fish, potatoes, thick noodles and vegetables in a thicker broth. And of course the dessert soups are served after the main meal as a light palate cleanser and as a sweet touch for dessert.